118th Congress (Current term)

Rep. Ann Wagner

MO-02 (Republican)

SBA Rating:

A+

Rep. Ann Wagner

MO-02 (Republican)

Rep. Wagner has stood up against the ever-growing pro-abortion agenda of the Biden-Harris administration and the radical bureaucrats who are actively working to expand abortion access, resources and funding. Rep. Wagner has voted consistently to defend the lives of the unborn and infants. This includes stopping hard-earned tax dollars from paying for abortion, including abortion travel expenses, whether domestically or internationally, and pushing back on the Biden-Harris administration’s extreme executive actions on abortion.

Rep. Wagner introduced the Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act (H.R. 26), which would require health care practitioners to provide the same degree of care to a child born alive following an abortion as would be provided to any other child born at the same gestational age. She spoke on the House floor in favor of her bill and in favor of the resolution condemning the recent attacks on pro-life organizations.

Scored Votes

Date Vote Score
01/11/2023

H.R. 26, the Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act

Would reinforce the Born-Alive Infants Protection Act of 2002 by establishing affirmative federal protections for babies who are born alive after an attempted abortion. ROLL CALLREAD MORE
01/11/2023

H.Con.Res.3, Expressing the sense of Congress condemning the recent attacks on pro-life facilities, groups, and churches.

This resolution condemns attacks on pro-life facilities, groups, and churches and calls on the Biden administration to use appropriate law enforcement authorities to support their safety. ROLL CALLREAD MORE
06/14/2023

Good Amendment #9 to H.R.277, REINS Act of 2023

Would rein in executive actions by ensuring any such actions related to abortion would require Congressional approval before going into effect. ROLL CALLREAD MORE
07/13/2023

Jackson-Roy Amendment #5 to H.R. 2670, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024

This amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act would roll back the Biden-Harris illegal DOD abortion travel policy issued under an October 2022 memorandum. ROLL CALLREAD MORE
07/14/2023

H.R. 2670, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024

H.R. 2670, the National Defense Authorization Act as amended by the Jackson-Roy amendment would roll back the Biden-Harris administration’s illegal taxpayer funding for abortion travel through the Department of Defense. ROLL CALLREAD MORE
09/20/2023

Democratic Motion to Instruct Conferees on H.R.2670 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024

This procedural motion would instruct NDAA conferees to strike from the final NDAA the House adopted Jackson-Roy amendment, which prohibited funding for the Department of Defense’s illegal abortion travel policy. ROLL CALLREAD MORE
09/28/2023

Procedural vote on H.R.4665 - Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2024

This procedural motion offered by Democrats would have removed the pro-life language in the bill that prohibits funding to foreign NGO’s that perform or promote abortion overseas (known as the Global Protect Life Rule) ROLL CALLREAD MORE
09/28/2023

Procedural vote on H.R.4365 - Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2024

This procedural motion offered by Democrats would have removed the pro-life language in the bill that prohibits funding for the Biden-Harris administration’s illegal abortion travel policy through the Department of Defense. ROLL CALLREAD MORE
09/28/2023

Procedural motion on H.R.4368 - Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2024

This procedural motion offered by Democrats would have removed a critical pro-life provision from Chairman Andy Harris, MD (MD-01) to rein in the Biden-Harris administration’s dangerous and illegal mail order abortion policy. ROLL CALLREAD MORE
01/18/2024

H.R. 6914, Pregnant Students' Rights Act

Amends the Higher Education Act to ensure students at colleges and universities are informed of the rights and the resources available to pregnant and parenting students, before they might need such resources. ROLL CALLREAD MORE
01/18/2024

H.R. 6918, Supporting Pregnant and Parenting Women and Families Act

Prohibits the Department of Health and Human Services from finalizing, implementing, or enforcing any proposed rule that would discriminate against pregnancy centers and make them ineligible for federal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) funding. ROLL CALLREAD MORE
06/13/2024

Van Duyne Amendment No. 55 to H.R.8070, National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025

This amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act would roll back the Biden-Harris illegal DOD abortion travel policy issued under an October 2022 memorandum. ROLL CALLREAD MORE
07/11/2024

H.J.Res.165, Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Sex in Education Programs or Activities Receiving Federal Financial Assistance."

H. J. Res. 165 expresses congressional disapproval of a Biden-Harris Administration Title IX rule that seeks to promote a pro-abortion agenda rather than focus on the true purpose of Title IX to protect pregnant and parenting students. ROLL CALLREAD MORE

Tracked Activity: Bills Cosponsored & Letters Cosigned

As of January, 2024

Date Vote Score
04/14/2023

Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine v. U.S. Food and Drug Administration SCOTUS Amicus Brief

This pro-life amicus brief asks the Supreme Court of the United States to deny a stay on a 5th Circuit ruling that would have returned chemical abortion drugs to the 2016 safety protocols, ending reckless and illegal mail-order abortion. READ MORE
08/10/2023

H.R. 7, No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion and Abortion Insurance Full Disclosure Act of 2023 - Cosponsorship

Would codify the Hyde amendment, ensuring that no federal funds could be used for abortions or to subsidize health plans that include abortion coverage. READ MORE
01/20/2023

H.R. 427, the Support and Value Expectant (SAVE) Moms and Babies Act of 2023 - Cosponsorship

Would prohibit the FDA from removing safety regulations for abortion drugs, stop abortion drugs from being dispensed remotely through the mail or via telemedicine, and prevent any future FDA approvals of new chemical abortion drugs. READ MORE

117th Congress

Rep. Ann Wagner

MO-02 (Republican)

SBA Rating:

A

Rep. Ann Wagner

MO-02 (Republican)

Congresswoman Wagner has stood up against the pro-abortion agenda of the Biden-Harris administration and Pelosi Democrats who are actively working to expand abortion access and abortion funding. Rep. Wagner has voted consistently to defend the lives of the unborn and infants. This includes stopping hard-earned tax dollars from paying for abortion, whether domestically or internationally, and protecting health care provider rights for those who refuse to engage in brutal abortions.

Congresswoman Wagner introduced and led a discharge petition on H.R. 619, the Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act. She also co-led an appropriations request letter supporting pro-life protections in the Labor Health and Human Services spending bill. In addition, Rep. Wagner offered an amendment to the consolidated spending bill to add born-alive protections as a funding requirement and requested unanimous consent for consideration of H.R. 18, the No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion and Abortion Insurance Full Disclosure Act, which would make the Hyde Amendment permanent. She gave remarks at the House Republican press conference celebrating the Supreme Court's ruling in Dobbs v. JWHO, which overturned Roe v. Wade.

Scored Votes

Date Vote Score
02/25/2021

H.R. 5, the Equality Act

Would stipulate that any attempt to withhold abortion services constitutes discrimination by putting abortion on equal standing with pregnancy and childbirth. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
02/27/2021

H.R. 1319, the American Rescue Plan Act

Would significantly expand funding for abortion, insurance that includes abortion, and the abortion industry, both domestic and international, under funds broadly defined as related to COVID-19 relief. SBA Pro-Life America ROLL CALLREAD MORE
03/03/2021

H.R. 1, the For the People Act

Would enact a federal takeover of election laws, overriding state laws and removing safeguards on election transparency SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
03/10/2021

Senate amendment to H.R. 1319, the American Rescue Plan Act

Would significantly expand funding for abortion, insurance that includes abortion, and the abortion industry, both domestic and international, under funds broadly defined as related to COVID-19 relief. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
03/17/2021

H.J. Res. 17, to remove the deadline from the Equal Rights Amendment (DOUBLE WEIGHTED)

Would revive the ratification process for the long-expired Equal Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution – an amendment that has been interpreted by courts as installing a sweeping legal mandate for abortion on demand, funded with taxpayer dollars. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
04/14/2021

Discharge Petition on H.R. 619, the Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act

This is a procedural effort to force Speaker Nancy Pelosi to discharge protections for abortion survivors from committee and bring it to the floor for a vote. If 218 members of Congress sign the discharge petition, Speaker Pelosi must bring the Born-Alive bill up for a vote. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
04/15/2021

H.R. 7, the Paycheck Fairness Act

Would add a new definition of “sex” that could force employers to cover elective abortion through employee benefits under the guise of fairness. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
04/22/2021

H.R. 51, the Washington, DC Admission Act

Would admit the federal District of Columbia as the 51st state. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
06/23/2021

H.Res. 486, Ordering the Previous Question

This is a parliamentary motion to allow for the immediate consideration of H.R. 18, the No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion and Abortion Full Disclosure Act. Because a defeat of the Previous Question would have allowed for consideration of H.R. 18, SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED the Previous Question ROLL CALLREAD MORE
07/28/2021

H.R. 4373, the State and Foreign Operations Appropriations Act, 2022

This spending bill eliminates decades’ worth of pro-life protections including the Helms Amendment, which prohibits funding for abortion overseas. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
07/29/2021

Procedural vote on H.R. 4502, the Labor, Health and Human Services, Financial Services and General Government [etc.] Appropriations Act, 2022

This procedural vote offered by Republicans sought to amend this spending bill to restore longstanding pro-life protections like the Hyde Amendment. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
07/29/2021

H.R. 4502, the Labor, Health and Human Services, Financial Services and General Government [etc.] Appropriations Act, 2022

This spending bill funds abortion by eliminating longstanding prohibitions on funding for abortion, including the Hyde Amendment. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
08/24/2021

H.R. 4, the John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act of 2021

Would enact a federal takeover of election laws, by requiring an unconstitutional preclearance of any changes to state election laws. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
09/24/2021

H.R. 3755, the Women's Health Protection Act of 2021

Would expand abortion access, prohibit enforcement of state and federal pro-life laws, and prevent future pro-life laws. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
10/26/2021

H.R. 2119, the Family Violence Prevention and Services Improvement Act

Expands violence prevention funding to include health services without Hyde protections. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
11/19/2021

H.R. 5376, the Build Back Better Act

Would hugely expand taxpayer funding of abortion through public health funding without Hyde protections and imposes an abortion mandate for Medicaid-gap populations. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
07/15/2022

Procedural Vote on H.R. 8296, the Women’s Health Protection Act of 2022 (Born-Alive MTR)

This procedural vote offered by Republicans sought to amend the Democratic abortion bill (more aptly named the Abortion on Demand Until Birth Act) to protect infants born alive after botched abortions. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
07/15/2022

H.R. 8296, the Women’s Health Protection Act of 2022

Better described as the Abortion on Demand Until Birth Act, this bill would expand abortion access, prohibit enforcement of state and federal pro-life laws, and prevent future pro-life laws. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
07/15/2022

Procedural Vote on H.R. 8297, the Ensuring Women’s Right to Reproductive Freedom Act (Parental Involvement MTR)

This procedural vote offered by Republicans sought to amend the Democratic abortion bill to protect children from being transported across state lines for abortion without parental consent. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
07/15/2022

H.R. 8297, the Ensuring Women’s Right to Reproductive Freedom Act

Would allow rogue abortionists, traffickers, and child predators to transport victims to another state for abortion. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
07/20/2022

H.R. 8294, Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2023

Funding package that includes the Financial Services and General Government spending bill and would remove longstanding legacy pro-life protections. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
07/21/2022

H.R. 8373, the Right to Contraception Act

Better described as the Payouts for Planned Parenthood Act, this bill would ensure federal funding for abortion providers and trample conscience protections for health care providers and could mandate access to dangerous abortion drugs. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
08/12/2022

H.R. 5376, the Inflation Reduction Act

Would extend the expanded Obamacare subsidies, which include coverage of elective abortion. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
12/21/2022

H.Res. 1529, Providing for adoption of H.Res. 1434

Congressional statement that FDA decisions regarding the abortion drug (mifepristone) should be used to override pro-life laws that have protected women and unborn children from dangerous chemical abortion drugs. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE

Tracked Activity: Bills Cosponsored & Letters Cosigned

As of January, 2022

Date Vote Score
01/28/2021

H.R. 554, the Support and Value Expectant Moms and Babies Act

Would prohibit the FDA from approving mail-order do-it-yourself abortions. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED COSPONSORSHIP READ MORE
02/05/2021

H.R. 18, the No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion and Abortion Insurance Full Disclosure Act

Would codify the Hyde amendment, ensuring that no federal funds could be used for abortions or to subsidize health plans that include abortion coverage. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED COSPONSORSHIP READ MORE
02/15/2021

H.R. 1080, the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act

Would protect unborn children halfway through pregnancy based on their ability to feel excruciating pain. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED COSPONSORSHIP READ MORE
01/26/2021

Hyde Amendment Letter

Opposing Congressional Democrats’ efforts to repeal the Hyde Amendment and other pro-life provisions in appropriations. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED COSIGNING READ MORE
02/25/2021

COSPONSORSHIP: McMorris Rogers/Walorski/Foxx Amendment #167

The cosponsorship of this amendment was scored in place of a vote because Speaker Pelosi refused to allow a vote on the amendment that would apply abortion funding restrictions to the Budget Reconciliation COVID relief bill. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED COSPONSORSHIP READ MORE
07/29/2021

COSIGNATURE: Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization Congressional amicus brief

This amicus brief argues that the abortion viability standard imposed by Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood v. Casey is faulty and should be reconsidered. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED COSIGNING READ MORE
02/02/2021

H.R. 705, Heartbeat Protection Act of 2021

This bill would protect unborn children when their heartbeats can be detected. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED COSPONSORSHIP READ MORE
09/13/2022

H.R. 8814, Protecting Pain-Capable Unborn Children from Late-Term Abortions Act

This bill would protect unborn children at 15 weeks, the point by which science undeniably proves they can feel pain. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED COSPONSORSHIP READ MORE

116th Congress

Rep. Ann Wagner

MO-02 (Republican)

SBA Rating:

A+

Rep. Ann Wagner

MO-02 (Republican)

Congresswoman Wagner has voted consistently to protect the lives of the unborn as well as the consciences of taxpayers who don’t want their hard-earned tax dollars paying for abortion domestically or internationally. Rep. Wagner has defended the Trump administration’s pro-life regulatory efforts from pro-abortion attacks to prohibit their implementation.

Congresswoman Ann Wagner introduced H.R. 962, the Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act, co-led the minority hearing on the Born-Alive bill with Whip Steve Scalise and Congressman Chris Smith, and offered a unanimous consent request for consideration of the Born-Alive bill. She also introduced H.R. 2373, the Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act (PRENDA). Congresswoman Wagner offered a Motion to Recommit to H.R. 2399, the Protecting American Lungs and Reversing the Youth Tobacco Epidemic Act, to amend the bill and insert a Born-Alive amendment. Representative Wagner co-led a delegation letter to ensure that pro-life protections are sustained in the Labor Health and Human Services (LHHS) appropriations bill.

Scored Votes

Date Vote Score
01/03/2019

H.R. 21, the Consolidated Appropriations Act

Would overturn Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance (PLGHA). Overturning this policy would force taxpayer funding for international NGOs who promote or perform abortion. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
01/03/2019

Procedural vote on H.R. 21, the Consolidated Appropriations Act

To restore Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance (PLGHA). SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
05/17/2019

H.R. 5, the Equality Act

Would put abortion on equal standing as pregnancy, stipulating that any attempt to withhold abortion services constitutes discrimination. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
05/17/2019

Cole Amendment #1 to H.R. 2740, the Labor Health and Human Services Appropriations Act

Would amend the House Labor Health and Human Services appropriations text to restore the Trump administration’s conscience protection rule. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
06/12/2019

Roby Amendment #9 to H.R. 2740, the Labor Health and Human Services Appropriations Act

Would amend the House Labor Health and Human Services appropriations text to restore the Trump administration’s Protect Life Rule (Title X). SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
06/13/2019

Pocan Amendment #1 to H.R. 2740, the Labor Health and Human Services Appropriations Act

Would amend the House Labor Health and Human Services appropriations text to block the Trump administration’s protections against taxpayer funding for research involving organs and tissue from aborted babies. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
06/18/2019

Lesko Amendment #78 to H.R. 2740, the Labor Health and Human Services Appropriations Act

Would amend the State, Foreign Operations appropriations text to stop an increase in funds to international population control, which includes US-based groups that promote abortion overseas. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
06/19/2019

H.R. 2740, the Labor Health and Human Services Appropriations Act

Minibus would overturn the President’s Protect Life Rule, Protecting Life in Global Health Assistance, Conscience Protections, and pro-life policy on fetal tissue research, as well as increasing foreign aid for US-based groups that promote abortion overseas, etc. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
06/26/2019

H.R. 3351, the Financial Services Appropriations Act

Would gut the longstanding D.C. Hyde (Dornan) amendment and allow taxpayer funded abortion in Washington, D.C. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
04/02/2019

Discharge Petition on H.R. 962, the Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act

This procedural effort to force a vote on the bill is being treated as a vote because Speaker Pelosi refuses to allow a vote on the underlying bill. If a majority of the House signed the discharge petition, she would have to allow the vote. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTS ROLL CALLREAD MORE
01/10/2020

Vote to amend H.R. 535, the PFAS Action Act

Would recognize the unborn as a class of potentially vulnerable populations. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
02/13/2020

H.J.Res. 79, Removing the deadline for the ratification of the equal rights amendment

Would revive the ratification process for the long-expired Equal Rights Amendment – an amendment that has been interpreted by courts as installing a sweeping legal mandate for abortion on demand, funded with taxpayer dollars, into the United States Constitution. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
02/28/2020

Vote to amend H.R. 2339, the Protecting American Lungs and Reversing the Youth Tobacco Epidemic Act

Would amend a health-related bill by including the text of the Born-Alive Abortion Survivors Protection Act. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
05/15/2020

H.R. 6800, the Heroes Act

Would provide pandemic-related bailouts including funding abortion providers and health insurance plans that include elective abortion. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
06/26/2020

H.R. 51, the Washington, DC Admission Act

Would admit the federal District of Columbia as the 51st state. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
06/29/2020

H.R. 1425, the State Health Care Premium Reduction Act

Would amend the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act while increasing abortion funding through Obamacare. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
07/24/2020

H.R. 7608, the State and Foreign Operations, and Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2021

Would weaken pro-life protections and eliminate pro-life regulations funded through the State and Foreign Operations and Military Construction, and Veterans Affairs bills. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
07/31/2020

H.R. 7617, the Labor, Health and Human Services, and Financial Services Appropriations Act, 2021

Would weaken pro-life protections and eliminate pro-life regulations funded through the Labor, Health and Human Services, and Financial Services bills. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
10/01/2020

House Amendment to Senate Amendment to H.R. 925, the America’s Conservation Enhancement Act (aka the HEROES Act)

Would use coronavirus relief funds to keep Planned Parenthood afloat, and seeks to undermine pro-life protections using expansive language. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE
10/02/2020

H. Res. 1153, Condemning unwanted, unnecessary medical procedures on individuals without their full, informed consent

Resolves that Congress believes in the right of everyone to make reproductive choices about their own bodies, a euphemism for abortion access. SBA Pro-Life America OPPOSED ROLL CALLREAD MORE

Tracked Activity: Bills Cosponsored & Letters Cosigned

As of January, 2022

Date Vote Score
09/19/2019

H.R. 4399, the Support and Value Expectant Moms and Babies Act

Would prohibit the FDA from approving mail-order do-it-yourself abortions. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED COSPONSORSHIP READ MORE
01/17/2019

H.R. 20, the No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion and Abortion Insurance Full Disclosure Act

Would codify the Hyde amendment, ensuring that no federal funds could be used for abortions or to subsidize health plans that include abortion coverage. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED COSPONSORSHIP READ MORE
01/24/2019

H.R. 784, the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act

Would protect unborn children halfway through pregnancy based on their ability to feel excruciating pain. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED COSPONSORSHIP READ MORE
01/18/2019

Letter to President Donald J. Trump

Requesting his veto threat for any bill that weakens pro-life policies or laws. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED COSIGNING READ MORE
04/14/2020

Letter opposing funding for fetal tissue research

Encourages the president to stand strong against unethical science that uses aborted fetal tissue, and to instead continue to fund better, ethical alternatives. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED COSIGNING READ MORE
04/14/2020

Bicameral letter regarding chemical abortion restrictions

Encourages FDA Commissioner to uphold restrictions on the dispensing of chemical abortion put in place for the safety of women. SBA Pro-Life America SUPPORTED COSIGNING READ MORE